NAD+
Also known as Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, β-NAD, NAD
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in all living cells, used in redox reactions and consumed by sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38. Tissue NAD+ levels decline with age, which drives research interest.
Clinical-stage research
Size
3 options- Catalog no.
- NJ100
- Specification
- 100mg*10vials
- Per kit
- 10 vials
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal consumption. Buyers must be 21 or older.
Overview
NAD+ is a dinucleotide made of nicotinamide mononucleotide and adenosine monophosphate joined through their phosphate groups. Cells make it from tryptophan, from nicotinic acid, or by recycling nicotinamide through the salvage pathway, in which the enzyme NAMPT controls the rate. Studies in rodents and humans report declining tissue NAD+ with age, and restoring NAD+ in model organisms has been linked to improved metabolic and mitochondrial function. Most human trials have used precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). NAD+ itself has been examined in small human pharmacokinetic studies.
Class: Redox coenzyme (pyridine nucleotide)
Mechanism of action
How the compound acts, as described in the literature.
Carries electrons as the NAD+/NADH pair in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, linking nutrient breakdown to ATP production.
Serves as a consumed cosubstrate for sirtuins (protein deacylases), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases involved in DNA repair, and the NAD+ glycohydrolases CD38 and CD157.
Age-related NAD+ decline has been linked to higher CD38 activity, PARP activation driven by DNA damage, and reduced NAMPT-mediated salvage.
Outside cells, NAD+ is broken down by surface enzymes such as CD38 and CD73 into smaller precursors, including NMN, nicotinamide riboside, and nicotinamide, which cells can take up.
Published research
Selected studies, each linked to its PubMed record. Summaries describe what the studies reported.
2015
Review
PMID 26785480NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration.
Verdin E. · Science
Reviewed NAD+ as a redox coenzyme and as a cosubstrate for sirtuins and PARPs, the age-related change in cellular NAD+, and evidence that altering NAD+ production or use can extend health span and life span in model organisms.
2019
Human pilot study
PMID 31572171A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD.
Grant R, et al. · Front Aging Neurosci
Tracked plasma and urine NAD+ metabolites in adults over a 6-hour NAD+ infusion. Plasma NAD+ and its metabolites did not rise for the first 2 hours, suggesting rapid removal; urinary NAD+ and methylnicotinamide increased by 6 hours.
2021
Review
PMID 33353981NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing.
Covarrubias AJ, et al. · Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
Reviewed NAD+ roles in metabolism, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, senescence, and immune function. Summarized the age-related decline in tissue NAD+ in rodents and humans and open questions about whether restoring NAD+ is safe and effective in aging humans.
Evidence & safety
What the research does not show, and the adverse events and regulatory status it reports.
Direct human data on NAD+ are sparse: the infusion pilot included 8 men given NAD+ and 3 controls, reported no adverse events, and tracked metabolites for only 8 hours. Most trials have tested precursors such as NR and NMN, whether raising NAD+ changes aging outcomes in people is unknown, and NAD+ is not an FDA-approved drug. In laboratory studies, NAD+ metabolism drove the pro-inflammatory secretions of senescent cells, which the authors flagged as a possible tumor-promoting concern.
Specifications
All sizes, exactly as catalogued.
| Catalog no. | Product | Specification | Vials per kit |
|---|---|---|---|
| NJ100 | NAD+ | 100mg*10vials | 10 |
| NJ500 | NAD+ | 500mg*10vials | 10 |
| NJ1000 | NAD+ | 1000mg*10vials | 10 |
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal consumption. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Research summaries are provided for educational purposes and do not describe this product’s use.