AOD
Also known as AOD-9604, AOD9604, Tyr-hGH(177-191)
AOD-9604 is a synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide based on the C-terminal region of human growth hormone. It was studied for effects on fat metabolism without the growth-promoting and glucose-raising actions of intact growth hormone.
Clinical-stage research
Size
2 options- Catalog no.
- 5AD
- Specification
- 5mg*10vials
- Per kit
- 10 vials
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal consumption. Buyers must be 21 or older.
Overview
AOD-9604 was developed in Australia from growth hormone research at Monash University and was later taken into clinical development by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals. Earlier studies had linked part of growth hormone's fat-metabolizing activity to its C-terminal region. AOD-9604 corresponds to residues 177 to 191 of human growth hormone with an added N-terminal tyrosine. In obese rodents it increased fat oxidation and reduced weight gain, without the hyperglycemia seen with intact growth hormone. It was tested in human obesity trials in the 2000s but did not become an approved obesity drug. Later preclinical work examined cartilage repair.
Class: Synthetic fragment analogue of human growth hormone (C-terminal region)
Mechanism of action
How the compound acts, as described in the literature.
Does not compete for binding at the growth hormone receptor and did not stimulate proliferation of receptor-expressing cells, separating it from the growth-promoting actions of intact growth hormone.
In obese mice, chronic treatment increased fat oxidation and plasma glycerol, an index of lipolysis, and reduced body weight and body fat.
Treatment restored beta-3 adrenergic receptor RNA levels that were suppressed in obese mice. In beta-3 receptor knockout mice, chronic weight and lipolysis effects were absent, though an acute rise in fat oxidation persisted.
Unlike intact growth hormone, it did not cause hyperglycemia, reduce insulin secretion, or impair insulin sensitivity in rodent studies.
Published research
Selected studies, each linked to its PubMed record. Summaries describe what the studies reported.
2001
Rodent study
PMID 11713213The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice.
Heffernan M, et al. · Endocrinology
In obese mice, 14 days of hGH or AOD9604 reduced body weight and fat and restored suppressed beta-3 adrenergic receptor RNA. In beta-3 receptor knockout mice, chronic weight loss and increased lipolysis did not occur.
2001
Rodent and in vitro study
PMID 11673763Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment.
Heffernan MA, et al. · Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord
In obese ob/ob mice, 14 days of hGH or AOD9604 reduced weight gain and increased fat oxidation and lipolysis markers. Unlike hGH, AOD9604 did not cause hyperglycemia or compete for the hGH receptor.
2015
Rabbit study
PMID 26275694Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model.
Kwon DR, et al. · Ann Clin Lab Sci
In 32 rabbits with collagenase-induced knee osteoarthritis, AOD9604, alone or with hyaluronic acid, improved cartilage histology and reduced lameness compared with saline; the combination performed best.
Evidence & safety
What the research does not show, and the adverse events and regulatory status it reports.
Clinical development for obesity was terminated in 2007 after a 24-week trial of 536 subjects failed to show significant weight loss, according to a 2013 review (Misra M, Curr Cardiol Rev, PMID 23092275); the human trial reports themselves are not indexed on PubMed. The supporting mechanistic data come from rodent studies, largely by the original developers, and the cartilage findings come from a single small rabbit study. AOD9604 is prohibited in sport by the World Anti-Doping Agency.
Specifications
All sizes, exactly as catalogued.
| Catalog no. | Product | Specification | Vials per kit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5AD | AOD | 5mg*10vials | 10 |
| 10AD | AOD | 10ml*10vials | 10 |
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal consumption. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Research summaries are provided for educational purposes and do not describe this product’s use.