Pinealon
Also known as Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR peptide
A synthetic tripeptide, Glu-Asp-Arg, from the short-peptide bioregulator research program of Russian gerontology researchers. It is studied for antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in cell and rodent models.
Preclinical research
Size
2 options- Catalog no.
- PIN10
- Specification
- 10mg*10vials
- Per kit
- 10 vials
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal consumption. Buyers must be 21 or older.
Overview
Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg, or EDR) was developed at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, whose researchers propose that very short peptides can regulate gene expression. Studies have used neuronal and other cell cultures, rat models of hypoxia and prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia, and a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. A few small human reports appear in Russian-language gerontology journals, but controlled clinical trials have not been published. Nearly all indexed work comes from one research group, and independent replication is limited.
Class: Synthetic tripeptide (short peptide bioregulator)
Mechanism of action
How the compound acts, as described in the literature.
In cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils, and PC12 cells, pinealon limited reactive oxygen species accumulation under oxidative stress and reduced necrotic cell death (Khavinson 2011).
Its protective effect was accompanied by delayed ERK1/2 activation and cell-cycle changes, which the authors interpreted as possible direct interaction with the genome.
Molecular docking studies predict EDR binding to DNA sequences in promoter regions of genes including CASP3, APOE, SOD2, and GAP43; this remains a computational hypothesis.
In 5xFAD mice and in vitro amyloid models, EDR was reported to prevent loss of dendritic spines.
Published research
Selected studies, each linked to its PubMed record. Summaries describe what the studies reported.
2011
In vitro
PMID 21978084Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes.
Khavinson V, et al. · Rejuvenation Res
Pinealon dose-dependently limited reactive oxygen species accumulation and necrotic death in cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils, and PC12 cells under oxidative stress, with delayed ERK1/2 activation and cell-cycle changes.
2012
Rodent study
PMID 22567179Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia.
Arutjunyan A, et al. · Int J Clin Exp Med
Offspring of pregnant rats with methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia showed better spatial orientation and learning when dams received pinealon; their cerebellar neurons accumulated less reactive oxygen species and showed fewer necrotic cells.
2021
Mouse study with molecular docking
PMID 34071923Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides-Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
Khavinson V, et al. · Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
In 5xFAD mice, the tripeptides EDR and KED prevented dendritic spine loss. Docking analyses identified predicted EDR binding sites in promoter regions of genes involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
Evidence & safety
What the research does not show, and the adverse events and regulatory status it reports.
Evidence comes almost entirely from one research group and consists mainly of cell and rodent studies, with small, uncontrolled human reports in Russian-language journals. The proposed DNA-binding mechanism rests largely on computational docking, and no systematic safety data have been published. Pinealon is not an approved medicine.
Specifications
All sizes, exactly as catalogued.
| Catalog no. | Product | Specification | Vials per kit |
|---|---|---|---|
| PIN10 | Pinealon | 10mg*10vials | 10 |
| PIN20 | Pinealon | 20mg*10vials | 10 |
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal consumption. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Research summaries are provided for educational purposes and do not describe this product’s use.