VIP
Also known as Aviptadil
Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide of the secretin–glucagon family that acts on VPAC receptors. It is studied for vasodilatory, immunoregulatory and respiratory effects.
Approved drug substance
Size
2 options- Catalog no.
- VIP5
- Specification
- 5mg *10 vials
- Per kit
- 10 vials
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal consumption. Buyers must be 21 or older.
Overview
VIP was isolated from hog small intestine by Sami Said and Viktor Mutt in 1970 and was later found throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, the gut, the lungs and immune cells. It belongs to the same peptide family as PACAP, secretin and glucagon. A synthetic form, aviptadil, is approved in several European countries, including Denmark and the UK, in combination with phentolamine for erectile dysfunction. Research has examined VIP in inflammatory and autoimmune models, in pulmonary conditions such as sarcoidosis and pulmonary hypertension, and in COVID-19 respiratory failure, where a large US trial found no improvement in outcomes.
Class: Neuropeptide; VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor agonist
Mechanism of action
How the compound acts, as described in the literature.
Binds the G protein-coupled receptors VPAC1 and VPAC2, which signal mainly through Gs and cyclic AMP; it binds the PACAP-preferring PAC1 receptor with lower affinity.
Relaxes vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, producing vasodilation and bronchodilation, and stimulates intestinal water and electrolyte secretion.
In immune cells, it reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-12 and shifts T-cell responses away from Th1, effects reported in experimental arthritis and other autoimmune models.
Released from neurons as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, and also produced by some immune cells.
Published research
Selected studies, each linked to its PubMed record. Summaries describe what the studies reported.
1970
Isolation study
PMID 5450698Polypeptide with broad biological activity: isolation from small intestine.
Said SI, et al. · Science
The authors isolated a 28-residue polypeptide from hog small intestine that caused systemic vasodilation, hypotension, increased cardiac output, respiratory stimulation and hyperglycemia, and was chemically distinct from kinins, substance P, glucagon and secretin.
2001
Rodent study
PMID 11329057Vasoactive intestinal peptide prevents experimental arthritis by downregulating both autoimmune and inflammatory components of the disease.
Delgado M, et al. · Nat Med
In an experimental arthritis model, VIP reduced the incidence and severity of arthritis and prevented joint swelling and cartilage and bone destruction, with downregulation of both inflammatory and autoimmune components of the disease.
2023
Randomized placebo-controlled trial
PMID 37348524Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure in the USA (TESICO): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
Brown SM, et al. · Lancet Respir Med
Among 461 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 hypoxemic respiratory failure, aviptadil did not improve the day-90 recovery outcome versus placebo (OR 1.11, P = 0.54); day-90 mortality was 38% versus 36%.
Evidence & safety
What the research does not show, and the adverse events and regulatory status it reports.
The aviptadil arm of TESICO was stopped for futility, and the composite early safety outcome occurred in 63% of aviptadil recipients versus 56% on placebo, a nonsignificant difference. Excess VIP, as secreted by VIPoma tumors, causes severe watery diarrhea and hypokalemia, and its vasodilatory action can lower blood pressure. Aviptadil's approval is limited to a combination product with phentolamine in some European countries; it is not FDA-approved.
Specifications
All sizes, exactly as catalogued.
| Catalog no. | Product | Specification | Vials per kit |
|---|---|---|---|
| VIP5 | VIP | 5mg *10 vials | 10 |
| VIP10 | VIP | 10mg*10vials | 10 |
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal consumption. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Research summaries are provided for educational purposes and do not describe this product’s use.